NBCSN Nationally Certified School Nurse Practice Exam

What is the most common abnormal blood condition in children?

1. Leukemia

2. Anemia

3. Thrombocytopenia

4. Sickle cell disease

The correct answer is: Anemia

Anemia is recognized as the most common abnormal blood condition in children. This condition occurs when there is a deficiency in the number or quality of red blood cells, which are essential for transporting oxygen throughout the body. In children, anemia can result from various causes, including nutritional deficiencies (such as iron or vitamin B12), chronic diseases, or genetic factors. Given the prevalence of nutritional anemia in the pediatric population—often related to inadequate iron intake or absorption—many children, especially in settings with limited access to healthcare or nutrition, frequently present with this condition. This widespread occurrence highlights the importance of regular screening and education about dietary needs in children to prevent and manage anemia effectively. While conditions like leukemia and sickle cell disease are significant and severe, they are considerably less common compared to anemia in the pediatric demographic. Similarly, thrombocytopenia, which refers to a low platelet count, may arise due to various underlying issues, but it also does not match the prevalence of anemia among children.